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HVAC Refrigerant Types: R-22 vs R-410A vs New Alternatives

Understand the refrigerant in your AC system and what it means for repairs, replacement, and the environment.

Sarah MartinezMarch 27, 20247 min read

Why Refrigerant Matters

Refrigerant is the lifeblood of your air conditioner—it absorbs indoor heat and releases it outside. The type of refrigerant affects efficiency, repairability, and environmental impact.

R-22 Phaseout

R-22 (Freon) was phased out due to ozone damage. Production ended in 2020. Remaining supplies are scarce and expensive—$100+ per pound compared to $10-15 historically.

R-410A: Current Standard

R-410A (Puron) has been standard since 2010. It's ozone-safe but still a potent greenhouse gas. Systems using R-410A operate at higher pressures and require compatible equipment.

Emerging Alternatives

R-32 and other low-GWP (global warming potential) refrigerants are increasingly used in new equipment. They're more environmentally friendly and often more efficient.

If Your System Uses R-22

Options include repairing with recycled R-22 (expensive), retrofitting to alternative refrigerants (mixed results), or replacing the system (usually best long-term).

Refrigerant Leaks and Repairs

Refrigerant doesn't wear out—if levels are low, there's a leak. Reputable technicians find and fix leaks rather than just adding refrigerant.

Frequently Asked Questions

Quick answers to common questions

Check the label on your outdoor unit or indoor air handler. It lists the refrigerant type and charge amount.

No. R-410A requires different components due to higher operating pressures. Conversion isn't possible—replacement is necessary.

Related topics:

R-22R-410ArefrigerantHVAC coolant

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